<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.3/JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
         xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         article-type="research-article"
         dtd-version="1.3"
         xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">IJITEST</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>International Journal of Innovative Trends in Engineering Science and Technology</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">IJITEST</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">3139-6887</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Felix Academic Publications</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://ijitest.org"/>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">IJITEST-2026-025</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5281/zenodo.23882713</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Research Articles</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="article-type">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Predicting Autism Spectrum Syndrome Employing Explainable Machine Learning and Deep Learning Approaches</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
      <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
        <name>
          <surname>priya</surname>
          <given-names>swapna</given-names>
        </name>
        <email>swapnachsp@gmail.com</email>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        <role vocab="CRediT" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/">Project Administration</role>
        <role vocab="CRediT" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/">Software</role>
        <role vocab="CRediT" vocab-identifier="https://credit.niso.org/">Supervision</role>
      </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
    <aff id="aff1">
      <institution-wrap>
        <institution content-type="orgname">VIGNANAS INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY</institution>
      </institution-wrap>
    </aff>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>02</day>
        <month>11</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>1</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <fpage>115</fpage>
      <lpage>120</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-10-25">
          <day>25</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-11-01">
          <day>01</day>
          <month>11</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Copyright &#169; 2026 swapna priya. Published by Felix Academic Publications.</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder>swapna priya</copyright-holder>
        <license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri content-type="html" xlink:href="https://ijitest.org/archives/volume1/issue2/IJITEST-2026-025"/>
      <self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:href="https://ijitest.org/api/files/published/IJITEST-2026-025-published.pdf"/>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by difficulties in social communication and interaction, along with restricted interests and repetitive behaviors. Early screening can facilitate timely intervention and appropriate support. This study proposes an autism prediction framework using Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) techniques. A publicly available Kaggle dataset containing demographic information, screening questionnaire responses, and assessment scores is used for model evaluation. Decision Tree, Random Forest, CatBoost, LightGBM, LSTM, and BiLSTM models are investigated using accuracy, precision, and F1-score. Experimental results indicate that BiLSTM achieves the highest predictive accuracy among the evaluated models. Future research will focus on larger, diverse datasets and web-based screening applications to improve accessibility and generalizability. The proposed framework supports preliminary screening and does not replace professional clinical diagnosis.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group kwd-group-type="author-keywords">
        <kwd>Autism Spectrum Disorder</kwd>
        <kwd>Machine Learning</kwd>
        <kwd>Deep Learning</kwd>
        <kwd>LSTM</kwd>
        <kwd>BiLSTM</kwd>
        <kwd>Autism Screening</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec id="sec-summary">
      <title>Article Overview</title>
      <p>Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by difficulties in social communication and interaction, along with restricted interests and repetitive behaviors. Early screening can facilitate timely intervention and appropriate support. This study proposes an autism prediction framework using Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) techniques. A publicly available Kaggle dataset containing demographic information, screening questionnaire responses, and assessment scores is used for model evaluation. Decision Tree, Random Forest, CatBoost, LightGBM, LSTM, and BiLSTM models are investigated using accuracy, precision, and F1-score. Experimental results indicate that BiLSTM achieves the highest predictive accuracy among the evaluated models. Future research will focus on larger, diverse datasets and web-based screening applications to improve accessibility and generalizability. The proposed framework supports preliminary screening and does not replace professional clinical diagnosis.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <sec sec-type="declarations">
      <title>Declarations &amp; Ethics</title>
      <sec sec-type="funding"><title>Funding</title><p>This research received no external funding or commercial grants.</p></sec>
      <sec sec-type="conflict-of-interest"><title>Conflict of Interest</title><p>The authors declare that there are no competing financial or personal interests related to this work.</p></sec>
      <sec sec-type="ethical-approval"><title>Ethical Approval</title><p>Not applicable. This study did not involve human participants, animal subjects, or sensitive clinical data.</p></sec>
      <sec sec-type="data-availability"><title>Data Availability</title><p>All data supporting the findings of this study are included within the article and its supplementary materials.</p></sec>
    </sec>
  </back>
</article>