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    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">IJITEST</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>International Journal of Innovative Trends in Engineering Science and Technology</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">IJITEST</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">3139-6887</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Felix Academic Publications</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
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    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">IJITEST-2026-008</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5281/zenodo.22847305</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Research Articles</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="article-type">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Fabrication of Automatic Tire Inflating System</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
      <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
        <name>
          <surname>N.UmeshChandra</surname>
          <given-names></given-names>
        </name>
        <email>umeshchandra15623@gmail.com</email>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
      </contrib>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name>
          <surname>S.HarshaVardhan</surname>
          <given-names></given-names>
        </name>
        <email>harshavardhansingani@gmail.com</email>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
      </contrib>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name>
          <surname>K.Naveen</surname>
          <given-names></given-names>
        </name>
        <email>kongarapunaveen866@gmail.com</email>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
      </contrib>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name>
          <surname>V.Jayakrishna</surname>
          <given-names></given-names>
        </name>
        <email>jayakrishnavantakula@gmail.com</email>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
      </contrib>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name>
          <surname>N.Abhiram</surname>
          <given-names></given-names>
        </name>
        <email>neelapuabhiram007@gmail.com</email>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
      </contrib>
      <contrib contrib-type="author">
        <name>
          <surname>Kumar</surname>
          <given-names>V.Pradeep</given-names>
        </name>
        <email>pradeepvommi@gmail.com</email>
        <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/>
      </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
    <aff id="aff1">
      <institution-wrap>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Department of Mechanical Engineering,Avanthi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Vizianagaram, A.P., India</institution>
      </institution-wrap>
    </aff>
    <aff id="aff2">
      <institution-wrap>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Associate Professor,Department of Mechanical Engineering,Avanthi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Vizianagaram, A.P., India</institution>
      </institution-wrap>
    </aff>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>01</day>
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>1</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>42</fpage>
      <lpage>45</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-03-31">
          <day>31</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-08-01">
          <day>01</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Copyright &#169; 2026 N.UmeshChandra, S.HarshaVardhan, K.Naveen, V.Jayakrishna, N.Abhiram, V.Pradeep Kumar. Published by Felix Academic Publications.</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder>N.UmeshChandra, S.HarshaVardhan, K.Naveen, V.Jayakrishna, N.Abhiram, V.Pradeep Kumar</copyright-holder>
        <license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are properly credited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri content-type="html" xlink:href="https://ijitest.org/archives/volume1/issue1/IJITEST-2026-008"/>
      <self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:href="https://ijitest.org/api/files/published/IJITEST-2026-008-published.pdf"/>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>Proper tire pressure is essential for vehicle safety, fuel efficiency, and tire longevity, but manual checking and inflating is often neglected. This paper presents the fabrication of an Automatic Tire Inflating System that monitors and regulates tire pressure without manual intervention. The system uses pressure sensors, an Arduino microcontroller, and a 12V DC air compressor to continuously detect tire air pressure and automatically activate inflation when pressure falls below the preset limit. An LCD display shows real-time pressure readings, while LED indicators and a buzzer provide alerts for under- inflation and over-inflation conditions. The system automatically deactivates the compressor when optimal pressure is reached. Testing demonstrates  0.5 PSI measurement accuracy, automatic inflation response within 3 seconds of pressure drop detection, and inflation rate of 2 PSI per minute, achieving the target pressure of 32 PSI within 5 minutes from a 22 PSI under- inflated condition. The system enhances vehicle safety, improves fuel efficiency by 35%, and extends tire life by up to 20%.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group kwd-group-type="author-keywords">
        <kwd>Automatic Tire Inflation</kwd>
        <kwd>Pressure Sensor</kwd>
        <kwd>Microcontroller</kwd>
        <kwd>Air Compressor</kwd>
        <kwd>Vehicle Safety</kwd>
        <kwd>Fuel Efficiency</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec id="sec-summary">
      <title>Article Overview</title>
      <p>Proper tire pressure is essential for vehicle safety, fuel efficiency, and tire longevity, but manual checking and inflating is often neglected. This paper presents the fabrication of an Automatic Tire Inflating System that monitors and regulates tire pressure without manual intervention. The system uses pressure sensors, an Arduino microcontroller, and a 12V DC air compressor to continuously detect tire air pressure and automatically activate inflation when pressure falls below the preset limit. An LCD display shows real-time pressure readings, while LED indicators and a buzzer provide alerts for under- inflation and over-inflation conditions. The system automatically deactivates the compressor when optimal pressure is reached. Testing demonstrates  0.5 PSI measurement accuracy, automatic inflation response within 3 seconds of pressure drop detection, and inflation rate of 2 PSI per minute, achieving the target pressure of 32 PSI within 5 minutes from a 22 PSI under- inflated condition. The system enhances vehicle safety, improves fuel efficiency by 35%, and extends tire life by up to 20%.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <sec sec-type="declarations">
      <title>Declarations</title>
      <p>The authors declare that no competing interests exist in relation to this published work.</p>
    </sec>
  </back>
</article>