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    <doi_batch_id>IJITEST_20260930184412_IJITEST-2026-010</doi_batch_id>
    <timestamp>20260930184412</timestamp>
    <depositor>
      <depositor_name>International Journal of Innovative Trends in Engineering Science and Technology</depositor_name>
      <email_address>editor@ijitest.org</email_address>
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    <registrant>Felix Academic Publications</registrant>
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    <journal>
      <journal_metadata>
        <full_title>International Journal of Innovative Trends in Engineering Science and Technology</full_title>
        <abbrev_title>IJITEST</abbrev_title>
        <issn media_type="electronic">3139-6887</issn>
      </journal_metadata>
      <journal_issue>
        <publication_date media_type="online">
          <month>09</month>
          <year>2026</year>
        </publication_date>
        <journal_volume>
          <volume>1</volume>
        </journal_volume>
        <issue>1</issue>
      </journal_issue>
      <journal_article publication_type="full_text">
        <titles>
          <title>Fabrication of 90 Degree Steering System</title>
        </titles>
        <contributors>
          <person_name sequence="first" contributor_role="author">
            <surname>Laharadithya</surname>
            <affiliations>
              <institution>
                <institution_name>Department of Mechanical Engineering,Avanthi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Vizianagaram, A.P., India</institution_name>
              </institution>
            </affiliations>
          </person_name>
          <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
            <given_name>K.</given_name>
            <surname>Chandu</surname>
            <affiliations>
              <institution>
                <institution_name>Department of Mechanical Engineering,Avanthi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Vizianagaram, A.P., India</institution_name>
              </institution>
            </affiliations>
          </person_name>
          <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
            <given_name>Y.</given_name>
            <surname>Chanikya</surname>
            <affiliations>
              <institution>
                <institution_name>Department of Mechanical Engineering,Avanthi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Vizianagaram, A.P., India</institution_name>
              </institution>
            </affiliations>
          </person_name>
          <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
            <given_name>B.</given_name>
            <surname>Chaitanya</surname>
            <affiliations>
              <institution>
                <institution_name>Department of Mechanical Engineering,Avanthi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Vizianagaram, A.P., India</institution_name>
              </institution>
            </affiliations>
          </person_name>
          <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
            <given_name>P.</given_name>
            <surname>Venkataramana</surname>
            <affiliations>
              <institution>
                <institution_name>Department of Mechanical Engineering,Avanthi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Vizianagaram, A.P., India</institution_name>
              </institution>
            </affiliations>
          </person_name>
          <person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author">
            <given_name>K.</given_name>
            <surname>Deepthi</surname>
            <affiliations>
              <institution>
                <institution_name>Associate Professor,Department of Mechanical Engineering,Avanthi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Vizianagaram, A.P., India</institution_name>
              </institution>
            </affiliations>
          </person_name>
        </contributors>
        <jats:abstract xml:lang="en">
          <jats:p>Conventional steering systems are limited by their large turning radius, making vehicle maneuvering difficult in congested urban areas. This paper presents the fabrication of a 90 Degree Steering System that allows all four wheels to rotate up to 90 degrees, enabling lateral (sideways) movement of the vehicle. The system uses electric motors, rack and pinion mechanism, bevel gears, sprockets, and chain drive arrangements. The prototype features four DC motors for wheel motion and an additional motor arrangement for 90-degree wheel rotation. Powered by a rechargeable 12V battery and controlled through an electronic control unit, the system demonstrates successful sideways parking capability, zero-radius turning, and diagonal movement. Testing shows the turning radius reduces from 5.2m (conventional) to effectively 0m (in- place rotation), lateral parking time reduces by 65%, and the system operates reliably across 200 test cycles.</jats:p>
        </jats:abstract>
        <publication_date media_type="online">
          <month>08</month>
          <day>01</day>
          <year>2026</year>
        </publication_date>
        <pages>
          <first_page>50</first_page>
          
          <last_page>53</last_page>
        </pages>
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          <ai:license_ref>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ai:license_ref>
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          <doi>10.5281/zenodo.22847579</doi>
          <resource>https://ijitest.org/article/ijitest-2026-010</resource>
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